Study and Optimization of Cyclone Separators
Il y a 2 mois
**Study and optimization of cyclone separators : numerical and experimental approaches.**:
- Réf
- **ABG-110566**
- Sujet de Thèse- 01/02/2023- Cifre- CNRS UMR 8201 LAMIH- Lieu de travail- Valenciennes - Les Hauts de France - France- Intitulé du sujet- Study and optimization of cyclone separators : numerical and experimental approaches.- Champs scientifiques- Sciences de l’ingénieur
- Numérique
- Physique
- Mots clés- CFD, OpenFOAM, PIV, particulate transport, granulometry, cyclonic flow, depollution.**Description du sujet**:
**Context and challenges**
Air quality is a major public health issue. According to the WHO, by reducing air pollution levels, countries can reduce the burden of disease from stroke, heart disease, lung cancer and respiratory diseases.
Stivent Industrie is specialized in the design, manufacture and installation of industrial air treatment and dust removal equipment : extraction, industrial filtration, ventilation, aeraulic equipment, fans, industrial dust extractors and ranges of downdraft tables.
All of these products require the use of large filters, the dismantling and recycling of which prove to be two regular and delicate tasks.
In order to limit the fouling of the filters, and therefore to reduce the frequency of maintenance and to limit the pollution generated by the dismantling, one solution consists in carrying out a pre-filtering stage using a gas-solid separator like cyclone separator. The particle-laden air enters the separator through a pipe. The flow then becomes cyclonic, the centrifugal effect throws the particles onto the outer walls, which contributes to reducing their speeds.
When these speeds are low enough, their weight carries them down the separator where they are collected in a container provided for this purpose. A suction caused at the top of the separator allows the air freed from these particles to be evacuated.
**State of the art and research project positioning**
The design of a cyclonic separator and therefore its ability to clean polluted air depends on many geometric parameters : the diameter of the polluted air intake zone, its height, the dimensions of the exhaust stack, the height of the cone, the polluted air inlet section, etc.
Other parameters can be taken into account in the optimization process: the body shape of the cyclonic separator, the shape of the inlet pipe, the inlet angle of the polluted flow, the number of inlets, the serialization of cyclone separators.
Let us cite, for example, those studied by Huang et al. [3] with an inclined polluted air inlet or a vertical polluted air inlet with the addition of a swirler [1]. Nassaj et al. [4] showed that taking into account several guided air inlets allow to significantly reduce (0.6 μm) the cut-off diameter of the cyclone.
Recent work by Zabala et al. [10] on the characterization of the performance of a new Stairmand-type cyclonic separator showed that the separation efficiency and the pressure drop could be respectively increased by 0.42% and decreased by 6.01% by modifying the body shape of the cyclone by the presence of square or circular cavities.
Pey et al. [6] present a numerical study on a Lapple-type cyclonic separator for which cross-shaped metallic blades are inserted in the “vortex finder”. The results show that this passive control device can significantly reduce the pressure drop (16.41%) while slightly improving the separation efficiency (0.64%).
Works like those of Venkatesh et al. [8] are also carried out on multiple cyclone separators connected (in series or in parallel) to improve collection efficiency when particles of micrometric size are involved, "conventional" cyclone separators being ineffective when the size of the particles is less than 5 μm [7]. It is shown that the overall efficiency of a single cyclone is significantly lower than that of this type of configuration.
The main objective is to find a solution allowing to trap the greatest number of particles and the smallest ones and therefore an optimal separation efficiency according to the configuration of the cyclone. Sun et al. [9] obtained, following a multi-objective optimization, a gain 6 times greater than their reference model on particles of smaller size (half a micrometer).
The numerical tool will be favored because it is particularly robust on this type of parametric study. However, this requires a validation step by comparison with the experimental data. The research work of the LAMIH laboratory has enabled the design and construction of an instrumented test bench for the measurement of physical quantities in real time (hot wire, flow rate, pressure, etc.) and in situ particle size measurements. This test bench is equipped with a seeding system, particle size measurement instruments (isokinetic probe, diluter and OPS) which allow, via a targeted sampling in the cyclone (lower and upper part), to control the particle size of the particles present in the flow over time. The vali
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