24-114 Prediction and Causation: The Impact of
il y a 2 semaines
Doctorat, 36 mois
- Temps plein
- Aucune expérience exigée
- Maitrise, IEP, IUP, Bac+4
- Humanities & Social Sciences
**Mission**:
The use of automation technology in transportation, space and industrial processes increases steadily. This is because automation provides efficiency while making the work of operators easier. When new automation is introduced into a system, developers often assume that the added automation is a simple substitution of a human activity with a machine activity. However, evidence shows that this is not the case (substitution myth [11]). In fact, expanding the role of the machine modifies the cooperative architecture, changing the role of humans in profound ways and creating new problems for operators [9].
Accordingly, the present PhD project aims at conducting research in the domain of cognitive neuroscience to investigate 1) the cognitive mechanisms involved in situations in which individuals are active agents and 2) how these mechanisms influence the way individuals perceive and apprehend the environment. Specifically, we will use psychophysics and electroencephalography methods to investigate the factors that the most contribute to our experience of control (e.g., prediction, motor control etc.) and to explore how these factors impact sensory processing. Investigating the factors leading an individual to be (and feel) in control of a given situation can provide useful insight for the designing and evaluation of human-machine interactions that keep an operator in the “loop of control”.
Research in cognitive science will guide this investigation. It has been shown that sensory events generated by voluntary action are perceived differently than the same events when externally generated: self-generated stimuli are processed faster (i.e., intentional binding [5]) and perceived as less intense (i.e., sensory attenuation [2]). Researchers suggested that prediction is a key factor explaining this difference. Notably, executing voluntary actions would allow us to better predict the events that we generate compared to a situation in which the same event is generated externally. Hence, controlled events are less surprising and thus perceived as less intense compared to uncontrolled events, which are unexpected and attract our attention. Meanwhile controlled events are processed faster and more efficiently since they are predicted [3,10]. In line with these observations, we will investigate how different levels of automation impact operators’ ability to predict future events and in turn how this difference in predictability impacts the sensory processing of these future events. We will also investigate how other factors involved in active control may modulate perception. In fact, it is currently debated in cognitive science whether the change in processing observed for self-generated stimuli compared to externally generated stimuli, is mainly due to changes in prediction [6]. Hence, we will also focus on the influence of attentional processes and causal expectations on sensory processing, since these two factors are heavily involved when we are active agents compared to when we are passive observers.
1. Berberian (2019). IFAC PapersOnLine 51, 118-123.
2. Blakemore et al. (1998) Nat Rev Neurosci, 1(7), 635-640.
3. de Lange et al. (2018). Trends Cogn Sci, 22(9), 764-779.
4. Endsley et al. (1995) Hum Factors. 37(2):381-94.
5. Haggard et al. (2003). Conscious and Cogn, 12(4), 695-707.
6. Hughes et al. (2013). Psychol Bull, 139(1), 133-151.
7. Jeannerod (2004). Nat Neurosci, 7(5), 422-423.
8. Moscarello et al. (2017). Trends Cogn Sci, 21(10), 725-735.
9. Sarter et al. (1997). In Handbook of human factors and ergonomics (pp. 1926-1943).
10. Waszak et al. (2012). Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 36(2), 943-959.
11. Woods et al. (1999). 43rd annual me
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**Profil**:
Master in Cognitive Science or related disciplines
**Infos pratiques**:
ONERA CSP
**Mot du recruteur**:
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