23-083 Remote Sensing for Monitoring The
Il y a 2 mois
Doctorat, 36 mois
- Temps plein
- Moins de 2 ans d’expérience
- Master, DESS, DEA, Bac+5
- Continental biosphere, Hydrology
**Mission**:
In the context of ongoing climate change, many scientific, political, economic, and societal issues depend on our knowledge of the functioning and CO2 balance of terrestrial ecosystems. To date, three complementary approaches are used: in situ monitoring, modeling, and remote sensing.
- RS has already demonstrated its ability to monitor the dynamics of the biochemical and structural attributes of the vegetation, but its potential to provide information on the physiological state and responses of terrestrial ecosystems to abiotic factors remains to be studied. Currently, two physiological mechanisms of photosynthesis regulation are directly linked to observable optical signals from space:
- The xanthophyll cycle involved in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which is the main process used to protect cells in environments in which light energy absorption exceeds the capacity for light utilization by leaves. This process can be informed by the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), calculated from reflectance in narrow spectral bands at 531 nm and 570 nm and
- Chlorophyll fluorescence induced by the sun (SIF) which is accompanied by a detectable emission of light. The ESA has approved the FLEX mission, the first satellite mission dedicated to the measurement of SIF and PRI, in order to map photosynthesis on a global scale at a weekly time step. However, the quantification of photosynthetic from space is not directly feasible. The main objective of this thesis project is to integrate the current knowledge on NPQ, PRI and SIF mechanisms into a new leaf-scale model of NPQ/PRI and SIF and to implement this new model into the ecosystem-scale model CASTANEA - a process-based model simulating forest functioning in terms of CO2, water, energy exchanges and forest growth developed by EV team of ESE Lab [Dufrêne et al. 2005; Davi et al. 2005; Guillemot et al., 2014).
We also note that the SCOPE model does not have a water balance sub-model and therefore does not consider the effects of soil water on the ecophysiological functioning of the vegetation. The CASTANEA model, uses species-level parameterizations and represents carbon and water exchange processes at the forest plot scale, a few hectares, the scale at which silviculture and forest management are carried out. In this model, the main processes (electron transport, photosynthesis, respiration, but also biomass growth, etc.) and biophysical processes (interception, reflection, and transmission of radiation, rain interception, etc.) are represented based on the physiological and physical mechanisms involved.
This first phase of this project will start from Farquhar's leaf photosynthesis model, used in CASTANEA. This model allows to predict electron transport fluxes and the amount of energy absorbed by photosynthesis under unconstrained conditions. Improvements of this model to take into account the effects of water stress and temperature have already integrated in CASTANEA model.
We plan to use the remaining energy (not used by photosynthesis) to predict the emitted SIF and dissipated energy by fluorescence and NPQ processes, respectively, according to the fundamental SIF and NPQ equations provided in Gu et al. 2019. As a first approximation, we plan to modulate the variations of the PRI (reflectance at 531 nm) from the relationship of the latter with the NPQ. Such NPQ vs PRI relationships need to be specified for our species but have already been shown on other species and in other environments.
The coupling between the CASTANEA model and the new foliar model will be greatly facilitated through Farquhar's leaf photosynthesis sub-model. In CASTANEA, the SAIL model is also already implemented and is currently used mainly to estimate the radiation balance in broad-band visible and near infrared. The exploitation of SAIL model will be extended to estimate the reflectance at different wavelengths at the canopy scale.
===============
**Profil**:
Masters in Terrestrial Environmental Physics; remote sensing; Ecology and Biophysics... Experience of studies on terrestrial ecosystems, structure and functioning of the vegetation, etc.? Quantitative skills: remote sensing, modeling, coding language, data processing.
**Infos pratiques**:
ESE
**Message from PhD team**:
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