24-126 New in Situ and Satellite Observations of

il y a 3 semaines

Paris, France CNES - Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales Temps plein

Doctorat, 36 mois
- Temps plein
- Aucune expérience exigée
- Maitrise, IEP, IUP, Bac+4
- Meteorological Atmosphere

**Mission**:
The southeast Atlantic is an ideal region to investigate the extent and the importance of the aerosols-radiation-clouds interactions and their effect on the radiative budget, the weather and climate. Low sea-surface temperatures off the coast maintain a semi-permanent stratocumulus cloud deck, extremely effective in reflecting short-wave radiation. Frequent upwelling of dust, lofting biomass burning plumes from extensive fires across southern Africa, marine aerosols and both urban and shipping pollution contribute to the aerosol burden in this region.

A new long-term station for in situ aerosol observations has been started by LISA in April 2022 at the Gobabeb Namib Research Institute, in the hyperarid Namib desert in Namibia. The new station, initiated thanks to CNES and CNRS, and now part of the IDEAS-QA4EO Task 2 CAL/VAL, measures the spectral extinction, the single scattering albedo and the particle number size distribution. The station provides with a detailed and long-term quantification of the mass concentrations, the chemical composition and the scattering and absorption optical properties of the surface aerosols. The surface in situ measurements are completed by the columnar measurements by an AERONET sunphotometer. Gobabeb is also long-term site for a ceilometer measuring the aerosol vertical profile, and one of the CAL/VAL stations of the CEOS program, contributed by CNES and ESA. Recently, an original approach exploiting the new multispectral and hyperspectral capabilities of MetOp and Sentinel 5 Precursor, have provided with new capabilities of observing from space the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The evolution of the AEROIASI method from very high spectral resolution (hyperspectral) measurements in the thermal infrared of IASI developed by Cuesta et al. (2015) has now resulted in the AEROS5P method applied to the TROPOMI sensor on Sentinel 5 Precursor, which has a particularly fine spatial resolution (5.5 x 3.5 km2), adapted to urban scale, and point sources. Thanks to the successive PhDs of F. Lemmouchi (PhD 2019-2022, Region IdF; Lemmouchi et al., 2022 Rem. Sens.) and P. Maheshwarkar (PhD 2021-2024, CNES/UPEC), the AEROS5P approach is now adapted to multiple species, including biomass burning, aerosols, mineral dust, and pollution, which make it particularly suitable for advancing our knowledge in southern Africa.

The strategy of the PhD will be based on a synergistic approach combining in situ surface observations at Gobabeb, the AEROS5P retrievals, as well as complementary spaceborne and ground-based remote sensing products (CALIOP, CATS, MODIS, AERONET,.) to analyze in priority the two types of situations mentioned above, which have been proven very relevant to the regional and continental climate. In situ measurements will describe the evolution of optical and microphysical properties of aerosol plumes at different stages of aging and mixing. Satellite observations will be used to assess the 3D pathways of aerosols arriving to Namibia. AEROS5P will retrieve the bulk 3D distribution of aerosol plumes and CALIOP/CATS lidar measurements their fine vertical layering. The in situ/satellite synergism will enable the construction of well documented aerosol models in terms of size distributions and intensive optical properties that will be used as a priori inputs for the AEROS5P approach and the lidar data processing. Finally, the aerosol properties and spatial distribution derived from the synergism of in situ and satellite data will be used as input for a radiative transfer model for estimating their direct radiative impact.

This PhD will provide with new knowledge of the southern African aerosols and its direct radiative effect taking advantage of the two areas of expertise of LISA, in situ measurement and multi-spectral satellite retrieval. In this respect, it will provide a valuable contribution and a proof-of concept for the preparation of the AOS mission, which will particularly aim the synergism of satellite and suborbital observations for providing a new characterization of aerosols (see PhD of F. Qayyum, 2023-2026 CNES/GRASP-SAS).

=================

**Profil**:
Master in atmospheric physics or chemistry. Proficiency in data analysis and computer programming. Knowledge of observations and remote sensing. Good English level and writing skills.

**Infos pratiques**:
LISA

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